Factoring Information

A survey of federal officials reveals the belief that government should make the fullest possible use of social science information -- and yet most of the information developed by social scientists winds up in specialized libraries or data banks, where it remains unused. Why don't public officials make greater use of the information social scientists develop? What can social scientists do to ensure that their findings are used? To answer these and related questions, Robed Rich reports the results of a unique experiment designed to facilitate the use of research data by public officials in federal agencies. Rich interviewed both researchers and users of research data over the two-year life of a Continous National Survey (CNS) experiment to discover the extent to which the CNS mechanism was successful and to record the levels and types of use that officials made of the data provided. Rich reveals that factors such as the timeliness, cost, and relevance of data do not guarantee that information will be used. He examines patterns in the actual use of survey data by agency officials and explores key organizational factors, such as the compatibility of information with various bureaucratic interests. He discusses the preoccupation of public officials with bureaucratic issues regarding the ownership and control of information, identifies the incentives that prompt bureaucrats to pass along new information and the government officials' difficulties in developing policies and programs for meeting national needs. Rich notes that studies of knowledge inquiry systems, found in the research literature of many social science disciplines have been dominated by a "rationalistic bias". This "bias"is expressed in terms of the belief that the act of acquiring information will automatically lead to its use, in turn, automatically leading to improved policy or decisions.

The user-centered approach is central to the creation of usable information systems, services, and institutions. Information system design should derive from user research into information needs, tasks accomplished in meeting those needs, and resources used in the tasks. Information Tasks summarizes user research, then presents design sketches of systems that illustrate how design is linked to research. Also discussed are usable information services and an overview of the organization and economics of information institutions. This comprehensive user-centered approach provides an agenda for information research, design, and education that challenges many accepted beliefs and suggests new directions for information work. Information Tasks will be of interest to library and information science students and faculty interested in information storage and retrieval, user studies, and systems analysis design. Students and scholars of human factors in systems design, human-computer interaction, and cognitive engineering will also find the text useful.

Information theoretic security - A cryptosystem is information-theoretically secure its security derives purely from information theory. That is, it makes no unproven assumptions such as the hardness of factoring, and is hence secure even when the adversary has unbounded computing power.

Information flow (information theory) - Information flow in an information theoretical context from a variable h to a variable l in a given process p is defined as the uncertainty before the process started minus the uncertainty after the process has terminated. This can be quantified as

RSA-160 - In mathematics, RSA-160 is one of the RSA numbers, large semiprimes that are part of the RSA Factoring Challenge. It was factored on April 1 2003 by a team from the University of Bonn and the German Bundesamt für Sicherheit in der Informationstechnik (BSI, "Federal office for information security").

Information warfare - Information warfare is a kind of warfare where information and attacks on information and its system are used as a tool of warfare. Information warfare may include giving the enemy propaganda to convince them to give up, and denying them information that might lead to their resistance.

factoringinformation

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